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What if the same AI that helps hackers find vulnerabilities could also make your crypto harder to steal?
That is the possibility Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin is pointing to. He argues that AI could make software fundamentally harder to break by making formal verification practical at a much larger scale.
Formal verification uses mathematical proofs to confirm that code follows specific security rules. Instead of relying only on testing to find bugs, developers can prove that certain parts of a program behave as intended.
But Buterin says there is a bigger challenge.
According to Buterin, defining what “secure” actually means is harder than verifying the code.
A security definition needs to account for more than obvious bugs. It may also need to consider compromised servers, leaked keys, network attacks, metadata and hardware vulnerabilities.
If an important threat is missing from the definition, a perfect mathematical proof will not protect against it.
That is why this matters for crypto. A blockchain can have formally verified code and still have weaknesses somewhere else in the system.
This is where Buterin sees AI becoming useful.
AI could help developers identify vulnerabilities, write security specifications and generate the proofs needed to verify increasingly complicated software.
Ethereum's longer-term goal is to extend verification beyond individual pieces of code and cover more of the full software stack, including databases, networking and caching.
For crypto users, that could eventually mean stronger protection for the systems holding and moving digital assets.
The interesting part is that AI does not have to make crypto less secure.
If developers can use it to prove more of their software works as intended, the technology could give defenders a powerful advantage in the same security race that is making attackers more capable.
The question is no longer just whether AI can find bugs.
It is whether AI can help developers prove that fewer dangerous bugs exist in the first place.
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